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PD Dr. Carole Gee

Major academic positions

  • Currently: Privatdozentin (Associate Professor) in Paleontology, Teaching and Research Faculty of Geosciences and OEP Biology, University of Bonn, Germany
  • Currently: Speaker, DFG Research Unit FOR 2685 on The Limits of the Fossil Record: Anatytical and Experimental Approaches to Fossilization, Germany
  • 2019–2022: Visiting Research Associate, State Key Laboratory, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
  • Since 2016: Privatdozentin, University of Bonn
  • Since 2015: Habilitation in Paleontology, University of Bonn, Germany
  • 2013–2014: Visiting Scientist at the Huntington Botanical Gardens and at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • 2010–2012: Interim Head of the Goldfuss Museum and paleontological collections, University of Bonn, Germany
  • 2009–currently: Teaching Faculty, University of Bonn, in Paleontology and OEP Biology, Germany
  • 1990–currently: Research Faculty, Paleontology, University of Bonn, Germany
  • 1987–1990: Postdoctoral Scientist in Paleopalynology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zürich), Switzerland
  • 1987: Ph.D. in Botany, Specialization in Paleobotany, University of Texas at Austin, USA
  • 1985–1986: Fulbright Scholar to Sweden
  • 1981: B.A. in Biology, Concentration in Botany, Pomona College, California, USA
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PD Dr. Carole Gee

Website

+49 228 733063

Pal 0.001

Nussallee 8

53115 Bonn

© Manuel Kunz

Paleobotany

Research interests

Approach: Fossil plants as living organisms in deep time — morphology, anatomy, biological affinity, ecology, fossilization

  • Mesozoic paleobotany
  • The conifer Araucaria, past and present
  • Conifer seed cone architecture
  • Jurassic and Tertiary woods
  • Eocene Nypa mangroves
  • Tertiary fruits and seeds of the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany
  • Fossil water lilies
  • Actuopaleobotany of recent carpological deposits
  • Fossilization of plants, especially wood silicification and the preservation of leaf compressions
  • Where molecular biology meets paleobotany: the earliest stages of preservation in leaves

Editorial boards of scientific journals

  • 2023–present: American Journal of Botany, John Wiley & Sons
  • 2023–present: Applications in Plant Sciences, Botanical Society of America, John Wiley & Sons
  • 2022–present: Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, Springer Verlag

Paleontological consultancies

  • 2019–2021: Reimagining La Brea Tar Pits, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California, for the Weiss/Manfredi architectural firm in NYC, USA
  • 2019–2021: Gross, Grösser, Dinosaurier, a special exhibit at  Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
  • 2013–2014: Dinosaur Plants Tour for the Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California, USA; see https://www.huntington.org/grid-detail/dinosaur-plants-tour

Selected publications (since 2008)

Books and special journal issues

Gee, C. T.  2024.  Rooted in Time: Living Fossils and Other Tenacious Plants.  John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 256 pp.
Gee, C. T., McCoy, V. E., and Sander, P. M. (eds.)  2021.  Fossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals.  John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 274 pp.  ISBN 
Gee, C. T., and Kunzman, L. (eds.)  2012.  Special Issue on Plant Taphonomy Commenorating the 20th Anniversary of the International Workshop on Plant Taphonomy.  Palaios, 27: 753–841.
Klein, N., Remes, K., Gee, C. T., Sander, P. M. (eds.)  2011.  Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants.  Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 331 pp.
Wappler, T., and Gee, C. T. (eds.)  2010.  Plant-Insect Interactions in Deep Time.  Special issue in Palaeontographica Abt. B, 283: 99–182.
Gee, C. T.  2010.  Plants in Mesozoic Time: Morphological Innovations, Phylogeny, Ecosystems (Ted Delevoryas Festschrift).  Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 373 pp.

Peer-reviewed research papers

Palmer, B., Karačić, S., Liesegang, M., Bierbaum, G., and Gee, C. T.  MS in prep.  Taphonomic implications of sediment and burial on microbial biofilm community composition of Ginkgo leaves.  
Gee, C. T.  Submitted.  The remarkable fossil history of the Magnoliaceae: Paleontological highlights of an ancient angiosperm family.  Magnolia, submitted in July 2024, expected publication in fall/winter issue 2024.
Karačić, S., Palmer, B., Karačić, J., Sib, E., Gäb, F., Gee, C. T., and Bierbaum, G.  Submitted.  Impact of metal ions on leaf preservation by microbial biofilms: Insights from experimental studies.  Scientific Reports, submitted in October 2024.
Palmer, B., Karačić, S., Low, S. L., Janssen, K., Färber, H., Liesegang, M., Bierbaum, G., and Gee, C. T.  In revision.  Decay experiments coupled with bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing of water lily leaf biofilms: The influence of sediment on leaf decay rate and microbial biofilm formation.  PLOS One, in revision since October 2024.
Palmer, B., Karačić, S., Bierbaum, G., and Gee, C. T.  Accepted.  Microbial methods matter: Identifying discrepancies between microbiome denoising pipelines using a leaf biofilm taphonomic set.  Applications in Plant Sciences, accepted in November 2024.
Uhl, D., Wuttke, M., Aiglstorfer, M., Gee, C. T., Grandi, F., Höltke, O., Kaiser, T., Kaulfuss, U., Lee, D., Lehmann, T., Oms, O., Poschmann, M., Rasser, M., Riou, B., Schindler, T., Smith, K., Suhr, P., Wappler, T., and Wedmann, S.  Accepted.  Deep-time maar lakes and volcanogenic lakes as Fossil-Lagerstätten – An overview.  Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, accepted in November 2024.
Morgan, S. K., Gee, C. T., Lindsay, B. W., Williams, A. P., Sander, P. M., and Richmond, D. R.  2024.  Geology and paleobotany of Escalante Petrified Forest State Park, Utah.  In: D. A. Sprinkel, T. C. Chidsey, Jr., P. B. Anderson, and G. C. Willis (eds.), Geology of Utah’s Parks and Monuments.  Utah Geological Association Publication 28 (fourth edition).
Karačić, S., Palmer, B., Gee, C. T., and Bierbaum, G.  2024.  Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: An in vitro analysis.  Scientific Reports, 14: 6728. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57223-7
Gee, C. T., and Howell, M. M. (eds.)  2024.  International Woskshop on Fossilization.  Abstracts volume.  Terra Nostra, 2024/1: 1–99. http://www.geo-union.de/fileadmin/downloads/TERRA_NOSTRA/Terra_Nostra_2024_1_Abstract_volume_Int_Workshop_Fossilization_Univ_Bonn_June_2024.pdf
Rodriguez-Barreiro, I., Santos, A. A., Villanueva-Amadoz, U., Gasulla, J. M., Escaso, F., Ortega, F., Gee, C. T., and Diez, J. B.  2024.  Palynological reconstruction of the habitat and diet of Iguanodon bernissartensis in the Lower Cretaceous Morella Formation, NE Iberian Peninsula.  Cretaceous Research, 156: 105804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105804
Xie, A., Gee, C. T., and Griebele. E. M.  2024.  Modelling the height–diameter relationship of living Araucaria (Araucariaceae) to reconstruct ancient araucarian tree height.   Palaeontology, e12693. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12693
Stoneman, M., McCoy, V. E., Gee, C. T., Bober, K. M. M., and Raicu, V.  2024.  Fluorophores in fossil plants: Investigation through two-photon excitation fluorescence microspectroscopy.  Communications Biology, 7: 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05763-z
Tahoun, M., Gee, C. T., McCoy, V. E., Stoneman, M., Raicu, V., Engeser, M., and Müller, C. E.  2024.  Suberin, the hallmark constituent of bark, identified in a 45-million-year-old monkeyhair tree (Coumoxylon hartigii) from Geiseltal, Germany.  Scientific Reports, 14: 118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50402-y
Shunn, K. C. and Gee, C. T.  2024.  Cross-sectioning to the core of conifers: Pith anatomy of living Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae, with comparisons to fossil pith.  IAWA Journal, 45: 1–26. https://doi:10.1163/22941932-bja10122
Howell, M., C. T. Gee, C. Böttger, and K.-H- Südekum.  2023.  Digestibility of dinosaur food plants revisited and expanded: Previous data, new taxa, microbe donors, foliage maturity, and seasonality.  PLOS One, 18(12): e0291058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291058
Bennis, M. B., C. T. Gee, D. E. Gray, and R. Love.  2023.  Recovery of an exceptional permineralized tree trunk from the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation of NE Utah: Manwell Log.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 40–41.  https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Foster, J. R., C. T. Gee, S. R. Ash, and J. I. Kirkland.  2023.  Preliminary observations on the Jurassic Salad Bar, a new ginkgophyte-dominated flora from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in southeastern Utah, USA.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 96–99.  https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Foster, J. R., C. T. Gee, and S. D. Sroka.  2023.  First report on the Turtle Island Flora, a new Upper Jurassic plant assemblage from the Morrison Formation of northeastern Utah, USA.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 99–101. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Gee, C. T.  2023.  Paleobotany of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: What’s new and what’s to come?  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 104–109. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Gee, C. T.  2023.  Elucidating ecological interactions between trees, insects, fungi, and dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic biota of the Morrison Formation.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 104–109. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Gee, C. T., P. M. Sander, F. V. Hoff, D. Richmond, A. Xie, and Y. Wang.  2023.  First paleobotanical report on the Escalante Petrified Forest of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in Utah: Survey and data collection of trail logs, occurrence of giant trees, genesis of fossil deposit.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 111–114. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Hoff, F. V., and C. T. Gee.  2023. Deciduous or evergreen?  A case study on a new species of Upper Jurassic wood from the Morrison Formation of Montana, USA.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 132–135. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Howell, M. M., C. T. Gee, and K.-H. Südekum.  2023.  Preliminary observations on experimentally produced plant-based coprolites as a basis to understanding dinosaur herbivory.  14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 137–140.  https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Manchester, S. R., C. T. Gee, and P. R.  Crane.  2023.  Newly recognized gymnosperm diversity in the Upper Jurassic Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation based on 3-dimensionally preserved reproductive structures from the Henry Mountains of Utah, USA.  The Anatomical Record, 306 (Suppl. 1): 185–187.  https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25219
Xie, A., Tian, N. and Gee, C.T. 2023. Ancient Basidiomycota in an extinct conifer-like tree, Xenoxylon utahense, and a brief survey of fungi in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of USA. Journal of Paleontology. pp. 1-10.  https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.12
Lönartz, M. I., McCoy, V. E., Gee, C. T. and Geisler, T. 2023. Palaeoenvironmental conditions for the natural vulcanization of the Eocene “monkeyhair” laticifers from Geiseltal, Germany, as elucidated by Raman spectroscopy.  Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-022-00566-8
Li,Y., Gee,C.T., Tan,Z., Zhu,Y., Yi,T. and Li,C. 2023. „Exceptionally well‐preserved seed cones of a new fossil species of hemlock, Tsuga weichangensis sp. nov. (Pinaceae), from the Lower Miocene of Hebei Province, North China“. Journal of Systematics and Evolution.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12952
Decker, V., Gee, C.T., Schucht, P.J., Lindauer, S. and Hoffmann, G. 2022. „Life on the Edge: A Powerful Tsunami Overwhelmed Indian Ocean Mangroves One Millennium Ago“. Forests. 13(6): 922.
https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060922
Gee, C.T., Xie, A. and Zajonz, J. 2022. „Multitrophic plant–insect–fungal interactions across 150 million years: A giant Agathoxylon tree, ancient wood-boring beetles and fungi from the Morrison Formation of NE Utah, and the brood of an extant orchard mason bee“. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 300: 104627.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104627
Howell, M. M., Gossmann, R. and Gee C.T. 2022. „A modified, step-by-step procedure for the gentle bleaching of delicate fossil leaf cuticles.“. Fossil Imprint. 78(No. 2): 455-450.
https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.019
McCoy,V.E., Gee,C.T., Michalski,J.M. and Wings,O. 2022. „Oldest fossil evidence of latex sabotaging behavior by herbivorous insects“. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 300: 104631.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104631
Gee,C.T., Taylor,D.W. and Rember,W.C. 2022. „First water lily, a leaf of Nymphaea sp., from the Miocene Clarkia flora, northern Idaho, USA: Occurrence, taphonomic observations, floristic implications“. Fossil Imprint. 78(1): 288-297.
https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.011
Gee,C.T., Xie,A. and Zajonz,J. 2022. „Multitrophic plant–insect–fungal interactions across 150 million years: A giant Agathoxylon tree, ancient wood-boring beetles and fungi from the Morrison Formation of NE Utah, and the brood of an extant orchard mason bee“. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 300: 104627.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104627
BARTHEL, H.J., MCCOY, V.E., RUST, J. 2021. „From ultrastructure to biomolecular composition: Taphonomic patterns of tissue preservation in arthropod inclusions in amber.“. In: Fossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals. GEE C.T., MCCOY V.E., SANDER P.M. (eds.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press..
Gee, C. T., and Liesegang, M. 2021. „Chapter 6. Experimental silicification of wood in the lab and field: Pivotal studies and open questions“. In: Fossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals. pp. 139-158. C. T. Gee, V. E. McCoy, and P. M. Sander, (eds.). John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Gee, C. T., and McCoy V. E. 2021. „Chapter 9. Color in living and fossil plants: The search for biological pigments in the paleobotanical record“. In: Fossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals. pp. 221-248. C. T. Gee, V. E. McCoy, and P. M. Sander, (eds.). John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Janssen, K., Low, S.L., Wang, Y., Mu, Q., Bierbaum, G. and Gee, C.T. 2021. „Elucidating biofilm diversity on water lily leaves through 16S rRNA amplicon analysis: Comparison of four DNA extraction kits“. Applications in Plant Sciences. 9(8):
https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11444
Sander, P. M., and Gee C.T. 2021. „Chapter 1. Introduction to the limits of the fossil record“. In: Fossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals. 1-15. C. T. Gee, V. E. McCoy, and P. M. Sander, (eds.). John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Xie, A., Gee, C.T., Bennis, M.B., Gray, D. and Sprinkel, D.A. 2021. „A more southerly occurrence of Xenoxylon in North America: X. utahense Xie et Gee sp. nov. from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in Utah, USA, and its paleobiogeographic and paleoclimatic significance“. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 291: 104451.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104451
MCCOY,V.E., BOOM,A., WINGS,O., WAPPLER,T., LABANDEIRA,C.C. and GEE,C.T. 2021. „FOSSILIZATION OF THE EOCENE “MONKEYHAIR” LATICIFER TREE FROM GEISELTAL, GERMANY: A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING USING MICRO-CT AND PYROLYSIS GC/MS“. PALAIOS. 36(1): 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.052
Tahoun,M., Gee,C.T., McCoy,V.E., Sander,P.M. and Müller,C.E. 2021. „Chemistry of porphyrins in fossil plants and animals“. RSC Advances. 11(13): 7552-7563.
https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10688g
Janssen,K., Low,S.L., Wang,Y., Mu,Q., Bierbaum,G. and Gee,C.T. 2021. „Elucidating biofilm diversity on water lily leaves through 16S rRNA amplicon analysis: Comparison of four DNA extraction kits“. Applications in Plant Sciences. 9(8):
https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11444
Ash, S. R. and Gee C.T. 2020. „The colorful and iconic Late Triassic Petrified Forest of Arizona, USA. Section 6.7 in C.T. Gee (chapter editor and coordinator), Unit 6, Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants.“. In: Nature through Time: Virtual Field Trips Through the Nature of the Past.. pp. 172-178. E. Martinetto, E. Tschanz, and R. A. Gastaldo (eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Gee, C. T. 2020. „Introduction, pp. 159-160.Section 6.1 in C. T. Gee (chapter editor and coordinator), Unit 6, Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants“. In: Nature through Time: Virtual Field Trips Through the Nature of the Past.. pp. 159-160. E. Martinetto, E. Tschanz, and R. A. Gastaldo (eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Gee, C. T. 2020. „The conifer forests of the Jurassic Park in western North America, Section 6.5 in C. T. Gee (chapter editor and coordinator), Unit 6, Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants.“. In: Nature through Time: Virtual Field Trips Through the Nature of the Past.. pp.165-169. E. Martinetto, E. Tschanz, and R. A. Gastaldo (eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Gee, C. T. 2020. „Where have all the flowers gone? The global changeover in vegetation during the Cretaceous, from variations of greens and browns to bright flowery colors, pp. Section 6.3 in C. T. Gee (chapter editor and coordinator), Unit 6, Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants“. In: Nature through Time: Virtual Field Trips Through the Nature of the Past.. pp. 162-163. E. Martinetto, E. Tschanz, and R. A. Gastaldo (eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Gee, C. T. and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A. 2020. „The classic Mesozoic forest of ferns and gymnosperms from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, England, . Section 6.6 in C. T. Gee (chapter editor and coordinator), Unit 6, Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants.“. In: Nature through Time: Virtual Field Trips Through the Nature of the Past.. pp. 169-172. E. Martinetto, E. Tschanz, and R. A. Gastaldo (eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Li, Y., Cui, Y., Gee, C.T., Liang, X. and Li, C. 2020. „Primotrapa gen. nov., an extinct transitional genus bridging the evolutionary gap between Lythraceae and Trapoideae, from the early Miocene of North China“. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20(1):
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01697-2
Liesegang,M. and Gee,C.T. 2020. „Silica entry and accumulation in standing trees in a hot‐spring environment: cellular pathways, rapid pace and fossilization potential“. Palaeontology. 63(4): 651-660.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12480
Gee, C.T. and Taylor, D.W. 2019. „An Extinct Transitional Leaf Genus of Nymphaeaceae from the Eocene Lake at Messel, Germany: Nuphaea engelhardtii Gee et David W. Taylor gen. et sp. nov.“. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180(7): 724-736.
https://doi.org/10.1086/704376
Gee, C.T., Sander, P.M., Peters, S.E., El-Hennawy, M.T., Antar, M.S.M., Zalmout, I.S. and Gingerich, P.D. 2019. „Fossil burrow assemblage, not mangrove roots: reinterpretation of the main whale-bearing layer in the late Eocene of Wadi Al-Hitan, Egypt“. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 99(2): 143-158.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0337-0
Gee, C.T., Sprinkel, D.A., Bennis-Bottomley, M.B. and Gray, D.A. 2019. „Silicified logs of Agathoxylon hoodii (Tidwell et Medlyn) comb. nov. from Rainbow Draw, near Vernal, Utah, and their implications for conifer forests in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation“. Geology of the Intermountain West. 6(77-92):
Sprinkel, D., Bennis, M.B., Gray, D. and Gee, C. 2019. „Stratigraphic Setting of Fossil Log Sites in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA“. Geology of the Intermountain West. 6: 61-76.
https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v6.pp61-76
Sprinkel, D.A., Bennis, M.B., Gray, D.E. and Gee, C.T. 2019. „Stratigraphic setting of Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) permineralized wood sites near Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah“. Geology of the Intermountain West. 6(A1-A5): 61-76.
Gee, C. T., and Taylor, D. W. 2016. „Aquatic macrophytes from the upper Oligocene fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany).Part II: A new fossil leaf species of Nymphaea (subgenus Lotos), N. elisabethae GEE et DAVID W. TAYLOR sp. nov.“. Paläontographica Abt. B. 295: 33-43.
Hellawell, J., Ballhaus, C., Gee, C.T., Mustoe, G.E., Nagel, T.J., Wirth, R., Rethemeyer, J., Tomaschek, F., Geisler, T., Greef, K. and Mansfeldt, T. 2015. „Incipient silicification of recent conifer wood at a Yellowstone hot spring“. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 149: 79-87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.018
Gee, C.T., Dayvault, R.D., Stockey, R.A. and Tidwell, W.D. 2014. „Greater palaeobiodiversity in conifer seed cones in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah, USA“. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94(2): 363-375.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0160-1
Taylor, D.W. and Gee, C.T. 2014. „Phylogenetic Analysis of Fossil Water Lilies Based on Leaf Architecture and Vegetative Characters: Testing Phylogenetic Hypotheses from Molecular Studies“. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 55(2): 89-110.
https://doi.org/10.3374/014.055.0208
Gee,C.T., Dayvault,R.D., Stockey,R.A. and Tidwell,W.D. 2014. „Greater palaeobiodiversity in conifer seed cones in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah, USA“. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94(2): 363-375.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0160-1
Gee, C.T. 2013. „Applying microCT and 3D Visualization to Jurassic Silicified Conifer Seed Cones: a Virtual Advantage Over Thin-Sectioning“. Applications in Plant Sciences. 1(11): 1300039.
https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300039
Ballhaus, C., Gee, C.T., Bockrath, C., Greef, K., Mansfeldt, T. and Rhede, D. 2012. „The silicification of trees in volcanic ash - An experimental study“. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 84: 62-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.018
LABE, S., GEE, C.T., BALLHAUS, C. and NAGEL, T. 2012. „EXPERIMENTAL SILICIFICATION OF THE TREE FERN DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA AT HIGH TEMPERATURE WITH SILICA-ENRICHED H2O VAPOR“. PALAIOS. 27(11): 835-841.
https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2012.p12-064r
Gee, C.T. 2011. „Dietary options for the sauropod dinosaurs from an integrated botanical and paleobotanical perspective“. In: Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs. Understanding the Life of Giants. pp. 34-56. Klein, N. and Remes, K. and Gee, C.T. and Sander, P.M. (eds.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
Sander, P.M., Christian, A., Clauss, M., Fechner, R., Gee, C.T., Griebeler, E., Gunga, H., Hummel, J., Mallison, H., Perry, S.F., Preuschoft, H., Rauhut, O.W.M., Remes, K., Tütken, T., Wings, O. and Witzel, U. 2011. „Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism“. Biological Reviews. 86(1): 117-155.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00137.x
Gee, C.T. and Tidwell, W.D. 2010. „A mosaic of characters in a new whole-plant Araucaria, A. delevoryasii Gee sp. nov., from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A“. In: Plants in Mesozoic time: Morphological innovations, phylogeny, ecosystems. pp. 67-94. Gee, Carole T. (ed.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington Life of the past. ISBN: 978-0253354563.
Sander, P.M., Gee, C.T., Hummel, J. and Clauss, M. 2010. „Mesozoic plants and dinosaur herbivory“. In: Plants in Mesozoic time: Morphological innovations, phylogeny, ecosystems. pp. 331-359. Gee, Carole T. (ed.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington Life of the past. ISBN: 978-0253354563.
Sussex, I., Kerk, N. and Gee, C.T. 2010. „Architectural innovation and developmental controls in some Mesozoic gymnosperms, Or why do the leaf crowns in Mesozoic forests look tufted?“. In: Plants in Mesozoic time: Morphological innovations, phylogeny, ecosystems. pp.5-12. Gee, Carole T. (ed.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington Life of the past. ISBN: 978-0253354563.
Wappler, T. and Gee, C. T. 2010. „Plant-Insect Interactions in Deep Time: Contributions from the 8th International Organisation of Palaeobotany Conference in Bonn, Germany, August 30 – September 5, 2008“. Palaeontographica Abteilung B. 283(4-6): 99-101.
https://doi.org/10.1127/palb/283/2010/99
Sander, P.M., Christian, A. and Gee, C.T. 2009. „Response to: Sauropods kept their heads down“. Science. 2009(323): 1671-1672.
Hummel, J., Gee, C.T., Südekum, K.-H., Sander, P.M., Nogge, G. and Clauss M. 2008. „In vitro digestibility of fern and gymnosperm foliage: implications for sauropod feeding ecology and diet selection.“. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B. 275: 1015-1021.